Operational Emissions
The production of fertilizer accounts for approximately 95% of our company-wide direct (Scope 1) and indirect (Scope 2) emissions. Direct emissions are generated on-site, from the combustion of natural gas and other fuels, or from processes at our operations. Indirect emissions are from the off-site generation of purchased electricity, steam and heat.
GHG emissions related to the three types of fertilizers we produce come from the following sources:
- Nitrogen fertilizer is produced by reacting hydrogen, primarily from natural gas, with nitrogen from the air to produce ammonia (NH₃), the basic building block of all nitrogen fertilizer. Approximately two-thirds of the natural gas required to produce ammonia is used to provide the necessary hydrogen for the process. The remaining approximate one-third is used as fuel to provide heat for the ammonia production process. The main Scope 1 GHG emission sources are CO₂ from fuel combustion, industrial process CO₂ as a byproduct of hydrogen generation and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions generated as a byproduct of nitric acid production.
- Potash is mined underground, hoisted to the surface, then crushed and purified with electric-powered equipment to remove rock particles and salt before drying. Potash operations result in Scope 1 emissions from the operation of gas-fired boilers, dryers, and mobile equipment. Scope 2 emissions are primarily associated with purchased electricity required to operate processing equipment in our mills.
- The production process for phosphate can generate GHG emissions in two ways. Entrained carbonates (dissolved CO₂ in the phosphate rock) are released into the air as CO₂ through a chemical reaction. GHGs can also be released to calcine phosphate rock feedstock or dry fertilizer products through fossil fuels. The electricity purchased to operate processing equipment also contributes to Scope 2 emissions in phosphate production.
As we strive to reduce the emissions from our operations, we focus on process improvements, energy efficiency and cogeneration, and lower carbon intensity ammonia initiatives. Read more about our operational emissions-reduction activities in our Sustainability Report.